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§ data & tools · No. M 029
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§ materials · No. 029

Cu₂K₄S₃₂

sulfide polysulfide · sulfide low temp

Cu2K4S32 is a sulfide polysulfide suitable as sulfide low temp. Color: green-red-copper. Fired at 130°C from 3 precursors (S, K2CO3, CuO). Workshop batch: 500g at €5.55. Compressive strength ~50 MPa; estimated 0.09 kg CO₂/kg (-89% vs Portland cement). Notable: forms without a kiln. Confidence: high.

Rendered sample plate of Cu₂K₄S₃₂
Cu₂K₄S₃₂ · rendered sample plate, 100x100x46 mm · Generative Matter V3 · not a photograph
forms at
130 °C · hotplate · no kiln
replaces
portland cement
CO₂
89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.09 vs 0.83 kg CO₂/kg)
energy
89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.60 vs 5.50 MJ/kg)
compressive
50 MPa
density
2.17 g/cm³
crystal
tetragonal
band gap
cost
€11.10/kg · €5.55 / 500 g batch
confidence
high (synthesis route)
potential
0.82 · env 1.00 · novel 1.00 · struct 0.10 · lineage 1.00 · supply 0.68
flags
zero kiln: Forming happens without firing — the material cures through chemistry at ambient or hotplate temperature. At building scale this removes the kiln from the supply chain: on-site casting, regional workshops, cold-country fabrication all become available.

Architectural potential

At 50 MPa this is the lightweight, low-compression end of the cold-cast sulfide family, which re-casts it in architecture as a surface-and-cladding material rather than a structural one. The softwood-scale density and the zero-kiln chemistry mean full wall-area coverage becomes possible without load penalty to the substrate behind it: tall gallery walls, ceiling-plane inlays, acoustic-absorber panels in lobbies and auditoria, and decorative-cladding tiles in exhibition architecture are the natural placements. The copper-potassium polysulfide surface bloom is denser and more crystalline here than in its sodium cousin, so the face reads as a more active light-response surface — a slab whose visible texture varies with raking light and time of day. The eighty-nine-per-cent cut in embodied CO₂ against Portland cement applies even at tile scale, so specifying this material in place of a traditional cement-based tile delivers a real environmental argument. The caveat is the low compressive strength: at 50 MPa the slab will not carry any structural load and needs a rigid substrate behind it, so this is a surface specification rather than a block one.

Material character

The slab lifts startlingly light for its size — the eye expects cement-block weight and the hand encounters something closer to kiln-dried pine. At 2.17 g/cm³ this is the lowest density in the cold-cast sulfide palette, a clear step down from the sodium cousin and a deliberate tectonic signal. The green-red copper shimmer is warmer in daylight than the Na-based equivalent because the potassium cation stabilises a marginally longer sulphur chain, shifting matrix absorption slightly toward yellow. The α→β sulfur bloom has deposited a more visible crystalline stipple across the face than in the Na version. Surface mold-matte with meniscus; edges sharp as-cast. Sulphide odour legible under saw-cut.

recipe

Recipe

500 g batch · peak 130 °C
elementprecursorformulamasssafety
Cucopper(II) oxide (black)CuO36.53 gsafe
Kpotassium carbonate / potashK2CO363.47 gsafe
schedule
  • Pre-heatHotplate to 150 °C
  • MeltSulfur liquefies at 115 °C; full liquid at 130 °C
  • CastPour at 140–145 °C
  • SetRoom temperature 30 min (firm) → 24 h (full strength)
watch for

Zero-kiln process — 130 °C hotplate cast only

Recipes are synthesis protocols for trained workshop use, with the full procedure, curves, and safety notes in the Recipe Atlas. Firing schedules are best estimates: the first firing of any composition is an experiment, not a production run.