Cu₃MnNa₂S₄
sulfide polysulfide · sulfide low tempCu3Mn1Na2S4 is a sulfide polysulfide suitable as sulfide low temp. Color: green-red-copper. Fired at 130°C from 4 precursors (CuO, S, Na2CO3). Workshop batch: 500g at €14.45. Compressive strength ~350 MPa; estimated 0.09 kg CO₂/kg (-89% vs Portland cement). Notable: forms without a kiln. Confidence: high.

- forms at
- 130 °C · hotplate · no kiln
- replaces
- portland cement
- CO₂
- 89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.09 vs 0.83 kg CO₂/kg)
- energy
- 89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.60 vs 5.50 MJ/kg)
- compressive
- 350 MPa
- density
- 3.92 g/cm³
- crystal
- monoclinic
- band gap
- 0.00 eV
- cost
- €28.90/kg · €14.45 / 500 g batch
- confidence
- high (synthesis route)
- potential
- 0.86 · env 1.00 · novel 1.00 · struct 0.70 · lineage 0.70 · supply 0.68
- flags
- zero kiln: Forming happens without firing — the material cures through chemistry at ambient or hotplate temperature. At building scale this removes the kiln from the supply chain: on-site casting, regional workshops, cold-country fabrication all become available.
Architectural potential
This is the atlas's flagship zero-kiln compression-capable material and its architectural reach is correspondingly wide for the detail and tile scale. Cast at 130 °C on a hotplate, the body reaches 350 MPa of compressive strength with an eighty-nine-per-cent reduction in embodied CO₂ against Portland cement — cement-level structural presence achieved without a single firing. Because forming happens below the boiling point of water, the geometry space opens up too: drop-cast tiles with temperature-sensitive inclusions, cast laminates over timber substrates, thick decorative slabs poured in plywood formwork in a warm studio. Natural placements are interior thick-tile cladding in exhibition architecture, acoustic-wall inlay panels where mass without structural burden is wanted, cast thresholds and sill plates in retrofit carpentry, and pavilion-scale floor tile in workshops with no kiln access. The cement comparison makes the argument legible to a client: the same compression, the same slow weight in the hand, with the kiln removed from the supply chain entirely. The caveat is hygiene: saw-cutting releases sulphide odour and the workshop needs adequate ventilation, so production logistics sit closer to a small-batch chemistry lab than to a kiln yard.
Material character
At 3.92 g/cm³ this is the densest cast polysulfide in the palette; a full kilogram fits into an 85×85×35 mm slab, distinctly thicker-feeling in the hand than its 42–44 mm siblings from the same family. The copper-heavy 3:1 ratio drives the matrix colour toward a dominant copper-red face, with manganese purple emerging only at direct shadow angles. Surface mold-matte with the meniscus sheen of a cast rather than pressed piece; edges come as-cast, sharp and slightly reflective. A fine, even α→β sulfur bloom crystallises across the face — barely legible against the warm body, but visible under raking light.
Recipe
500 g batch · peak 130 °C| element | precursor | formula | mass | safety |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu | copper(II) oxide (black) | CuO | 55.3 g | safe |
| Mn | manganese dioxide | MnO2 | 20.14 g | moderate |
| Na | sodium carbonate / soda ash | Na2CO3 | 24.56 g | safe |
- Pre-heatHotplate to 150 °C
- MeltSulfur liquefies at 115 °C; full liquid at 130 °C
- CastPour at 140–145 °C
- SetRoom temperature 30 min (firm) → 24 h (full strength)
Zero-kiln process — 130 °C hotplate cast only