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§ data & tools · No. M 001
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§ materials · No. 001

Cu₃MnNa₂S₄

sulfide polysulfide · sulfide low temp

Cu3Mn1Na2S4 is a sulfide polysulfide suitable as sulfide low temp. Color: green-red-copper. Fired at 130°C from 4 precursors (CuO, S, Na2CO3). Workshop batch: 500g at €14.45. Compressive strength ~350 MPa; estimated 0.09 kg CO₂/kg (-89% vs Portland cement). Notable: forms without a kiln. Confidence: high.

Rendered sample plate of Cu₃MnNa₂S₄
Cu₃MnNa₂S₄ · rendered sample plate, 85x85x35 mm · Generative Matter V3 · not a photograph
forms at
130 °C · hotplate · no kiln
replaces
portland cement
CO₂
89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.09 vs 0.83 kg CO₂/kg)
energy
89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.60 vs 5.50 MJ/kg)
compressive
350 MPa
density
3.92 g/cm³
crystal
monoclinic
band gap
0.00 eV
cost
€28.90/kg · €14.45 / 500 g batch
confidence
high (synthesis route)
potential
0.86 · env 1.00 · novel 1.00 · struct 0.70 · lineage 0.70 · supply 0.68
flags
zero kiln: Forming happens without firing — the material cures through chemistry at ambient or hotplate temperature. At building scale this removes the kiln from the supply chain: on-site casting, regional workshops, cold-country fabrication all become available.

Architectural potential

This is the atlas's flagship zero-kiln compression-capable material and its architectural reach is correspondingly wide for the detail and tile scale. Cast at 130 °C on a hotplate, the body reaches 350 MPa of compressive strength with an eighty-nine-per-cent reduction in embodied CO₂ against Portland cement — cement-level structural presence achieved without a single firing. Because forming happens below the boiling point of water, the geometry space opens up too: drop-cast tiles with temperature-sensitive inclusions, cast laminates over timber substrates, thick decorative slabs poured in plywood formwork in a warm studio. Natural placements are interior thick-tile cladding in exhibition architecture, acoustic-wall inlay panels where mass without structural burden is wanted, cast thresholds and sill plates in retrofit carpentry, and pavilion-scale floor tile in workshops with no kiln access. The cement comparison makes the argument legible to a client: the same compression, the same slow weight in the hand, with the kiln removed from the supply chain entirely. The caveat is hygiene: saw-cutting releases sulphide odour and the workshop needs adequate ventilation, so production logistics sit closer to a small-batch chemistry lab than to a kiln yard.

Material character

At 3.92 g/cm³ this is the densest cast polysulfide in the palette; a full kilogram fits into an 85×85×35 mm slab, distinctly thicker-feeling in the hand than its 42–44 mm siblings from the same family. The copper-heavy 3:1 ratio drives the matrix colour toward a dominant copper-red face, with manganese purple emerging only at direct shadow angles. Surface mold-matte with the meniscus sheen of a cast rather than pressed piece; edges come as-cast, sharp and slightly reflective. A fine, even α→β sulfur bloom crystallises across the face — barely legible against the warm body, but visible under raking light.

recipe

Recipe

500 g batch · peak 130 °C
elementprecursorformulamasssafety
Cucopper(II) oxide (black)CuO55.3 gsafe
Mnmanganese dioxideMnO220.14 gmoderate
Nasodium carbonate / soda ashNa2CO324.56 gsafe
schedule
  • Pre-heatHotplate to 150 °C
  • MeltSulfur liquefies at 115 °C; full liquid at 130 °C
  • CastPour at 140–145 °C
  • SetRoom temperature 30 min (firm) → 24 h (full strength)
watch for

Zero-kiln process — 130 °C hotplate cast only

Recipes are synthesis protocols for trained workshop use, with the full procedure, curves, and safety notes in the Recipe Atlas. Firing schedules are best estimates: the first firing of any composition is an experiment, not a production run.