KS₂V₂
sulfide polysulfide · sulfide low tempK1S2V2 is a sulfide polysulfide suitable as sulfide low temp. Color: yellow-orange. Fired at 130°C from 3 precursors (V2O5, K2CO3, S). Workshop batch: 500g at €46.97. Compressive strength ~150 MPa; estimated 0.09 kg CO₂/kg (-89% vs Portland cement). Notable: forms without a kiln. Confidence: high.

- forms at
- 130 °C · hotplate · no kiln
- replaces
- portland cement
- CO₂
- 89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.09 vs 0.83 kg CO₂/kg)
- energy
- 89.1% lower than Portland cement (0.60 vs 5.50 MJ/kg)
- compressive
- 150 MPa
- density
- 3.63 g/cm³
- crystal
- tetragonal
- band gap
- 0.06 eV
- cost
- €93.94/kg · €46.97 / 500 g batch
- confidence
- high (synthesis route)
- potential
- 0.74 · env 1.00 · novel 1.00 · struct 0.30 · lineage 0.70 · supply 0.27
- flags
- zero kiln: Forming happens without firing — the material cures through chemistry at ambient or hotplate temperature. At building scale this removes the kiln from the supply chain: on-site casting, regional workshops, cold-country fabrication all become available.
Architectural potential
A denser, stronger cast-sulphide than its lithium-silicate sibling, this 150 MPa zero-kiln body reaches into mass-tile and pressed-block territory while keeping the hotplate forming logic intact. The eighty-nine-per-cent CO₂ reduction against Portland cement is the project-level argument; the 130 °C pour is the workshop one. Natural placements are thick interior cladding panels in exhibition spaces, cast thresholds and sill-plates in retrofit carpentry, drop-cast floor tiles with embedded vanadium-oxide colour variegation, and slow-mass accent walls in gallery fit-out where the weight and register of fired ceramic are wanted without the kiln. The vanadium-heavy matrix edges the body toward a deeper, more geological read than the potassium-lithium variant, so this sits well as a monolithic stair-riser or bench-top in studio interiors. Because compression sits at 150 MPa rather than 350, load-bearing walls are still out of reach — it is a supplement to timber or steel framing, not a replacement. The caveat is double: €46.97 per 500 g batch puts this at signature-element cost rather than bulk-tile cost, and saw-cutting releases the usual polysulphide odour, so ventilation and cost both push specification toward the single detail rather than the repeated surface.
Material character
The face reads an acid yellow-orange with olive undertones pulled in by the vanadium content, duller and less citrus than the lithium-silicate variant. At 3.63 g/cm³ and 85×85×38 mm the slab has real ceramic heft in hand — a firm two-finger lift, a confident single-hand grip, closer to a fired tile than to a cast resin. Surface mould-matte with the meniscus sheen of a 130 °C pour; edges come as-cast and slightly glassy where sulphide-rich skin formed against the mould wall. The α→β sulphur bloom develops earlier than in the copper-sulphides, visible within hours as a fine pale veil across the face.
Recipe
500 g batch · peak 130 °C| element | precursor | formula | mass | safety |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | potassium carbonate / potash | K2CO3 | 27.53 g | safe |
| V | vanadium pentoxide | V2O5 | 72.47 g | moderate |
- Pre-heatHotplate to 150 °C
- MeltSulfur liquefies at 115 °C; full liquid at 130 °C
- CastPour at 140–145 °C
- SetRoom temperature 30 min (firm) → 24 h (full strength)
Zero-kiln process — 130 °C hotplate cast only